The main results of the research show that, among the respondents, Spain is one of the European countries with the most young people aged between 18 and 25 years old who are waterpipe (sisha, narguile, etc.) smokers
by Jamie Sharpe, Rene Sarojini Saklikar, Jason Heroux, Ben Ladouceur, Yaxkin Melchy (trans
In COPD patients, cigarette smoke-induced mtROS cause alterations in mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins, increase oxidative stress-related gene expression, and reduce MMP and ATP levels, leading to impaired mitophagy homeostasis and mitochondrial quality control failure (Santiago et al., 2024)
Vaping, in any form, still has potential risks